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Zamama (volcano)
Zamama is an active volcanic center on Jupiter moon Io. This volcanic center erupted after the ''Voyager 1'' flyby in 1979, making it one of the few planetary volcanoes known to have activated during this generation's life time. Further analysis and study by the ''Galileo'' spacecraft helped with the overall study of Io's volcanism. ''Galileo'' located it on Io at . Zamama has a fissure-fed-type flow that is long with temperatures of ,〔 and the volcanic center site has explosive and effusive eruption characteristics.〔 The flow appears to be emanating from the Promethean-type volcano.
Remote sensing instruments built on the ''Galileo'' spacecraft—the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), Solid-State Imager (SSI), Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR)—collect and analyze volcanism on Io's surface. Since there are no samples collected from Io, all of the interpretations are made by studying albedo effects, morphology and/or spectral variations in ''Galileo'' data. Furthermore, Geomorphologic analysis is strictly used to study such specific planetary structures.〔
==Overview of the ''Voyager'' and ''Galileo'' missions==
Most of the data acquired from the Jovian moon Io was derived from geomorphologic interpretations of orbital imaging. ''Voyager 1'' and ''Galileo'' both used thermal remote sensing to accomplish this task. Thermal remote sensing is a branch of remote sensing which deals with processing and interpretations of data in the thermal infrared (TIR) region of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Zamama is a hotspot/volcanic center among 61 active volcanic centers on Io. These were observed by the ''Voyager'' flybys, by ''Galileo'', and by ground-based observations. Zamama was first observed by ''Galileo'',〔 which identified two types of volcanic activity: persistent and sporadic.〔 The NIMS instrument detected activity at Zamama lasting longer than one year; therefore, it is considered the persistent type.〔 It has only been NIMS-detected five times, but NIMS-observed nine times. This lower incidence of detection could be due to observational constraints or temporary waning of activity.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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